How a Fuel Cell Works
A single fuel cell consists of a membrane electrode assembly and two flow field plates. Single cells are combined into a fuel cell stack to produce the desired level of electrical power.
Each membrane electrode assembly consists of two electrodes (anode and cathode) with a thin layer of catalyst, bonded to either side of a proton exchange membrane (PEM).
Gases (hydrogen and air) are supplied to the electrodes on either side of the PEM through channels formed in the flow field plates. Hydrogen flows through the channels to the anode where the platinum catalyst promotes its separation into protons and electrons. On the opposite side of the PEM, air flows through the channels to the cathode where oxygen in the air attracts the hydrogen protons through the PEM. The electrons are captured as useful electricity through an external circuit and combine with the protons and oxygen to produce water vapor on the cathode side.
I was tiynrg to steer clear of neutrons. They’re just one more level of complicated.So, generally, the fusion fuel isn’t just hydrogen, it’s deuterium, tritium, or helium 3 (proton/neutron, proton/neutron/neutron, or proton/proton/neutron). For very obscure reasons, they’re easier to fuse.You can get individual neutrons into a nucleus “for free” since they don’t have any charge to repel them. Once there they stick because they are also subject to the strong force.Fusing a neutron into an atom should release an amount of energy comparable to what you get fusing a proton in. However, there is a question of scale.If you want a lot of neutrons, you’d need to carefully exhaust some radioactive element that releases neutron radiation, which is dangerous, inefficient, and slow. Not to mention the fact that neutrons are hard to contain, and have a half-life of around 15 minutes.On the other hand, if you want 1 kg of hydrogen, all you need is 9 kg of water, and a little electricity. Plus, you can store hydrogen forever.
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